SELinux : SELinux Context2023/02/20

Access Controls to files or directories are controled by additional informations that is called SELinux Context.
SELinux Context has following syntax.

⇒ [SELinux User]:[Role]:[Type]:[Level]

SELinux User :	SELinux User Attribute Each Linux User is mapped to an SELinux User by SELinux Policy.
Role :	RBAC (Role Based Access Control) Attribute It defines SELinux User's Roles. It controls Accesses which defined role can access to Domains by SELinux Policy.
Type :	TE (Type Enforcement) Attribute It defines Domains for processes, and also defines Types for Files.
Level :	MLS (Multi Level Security) and MCS (Multi Category Security) Attribute Level has [sensitivity]:[category] syntax. [targeted] Policy that is the default Policy on RHEL/AlmaLinux forces MCS and it is used only [s0] sensitivity on the Policy. But for Category, it is supported c0-c1023. MLS forces the Bell-La Padula Mandatory Access Model. If you'd like to use it, it needs to install MLS Policy package on RHEL/AlmaLinux. But it does not support X Window System, so it's impossible to use it on Desktop Environment.

[1]

For displaying SELinux Contexts for files or processes, add [Z] option to commands.

# files/directories

[root@dlp ~]#

ls -lZ /root

total 4
-rw-------. 1 root root system_u:object_r:admin_home_t:s0 1100 Nov 25 18:08 anaconda-ks.cfg
                        ---------:--------:-------------:------
                         User    :  Role  : Type        : Level

# processes

[root@dlp ~]#

ps axZ

LABEL                               PID TTY      STAT   TIME COMMAND
system_u:system_r:init_t:s0           1 ?        Ss     0:01 /usr/lib/systemd/systemd --switched-root --system --deserialize 31
system_u:system_r:kernel_t:s0         2 ?        S      0:00 [kthreadd]
system_u:system_r:kernel_t:s0         3 ?        I<     0:00 [rcu_gp]
system_u:system_r:kernel_t:s0         4 ?        I<     0:00 [rcu_par_gp]
.....
.....
unconfined_u:unconfined_r:unconfined_t:s0-s0:c0.c1023 1204 ? Ss   0:00 /usr/lib/systemd/systemd --user
system_u:system_r:init_t:s0        1206 ?        S      0:00 (sd-pam)
unconfined_u:unconfined_r:unconfined_t:s0-s0:c0.c1023 1213 ttyS0 Ss   0:00 -bash
unconfined_u:unconfined_r:unconfined_t:s0-s0:c0.c1023 1238 ttyS0 R+   0:00 ps axZ
unconfined_u:unconfined_r:unconfined_t:s0-s0:c0.c1023 1239 ttyS0 S+   0:00 tail -5

# own ID

[root@dlp ~]#

id -Z

unconfined_u:unconfined_r:unconfined_t:s0-s0:c0.c1023

[2]	Each Linux User is mapped to an SELinux User by SELinux Policy. It's possible to show the mapping list like follows.

[root@dlp ~]#

semanage login -l


Login Name           SELinux User         MLS/MCS Range        Service

__default__          unconfined_u         s0-s0:c0.c1023       *
root                 unconfined_u         s0-s0:c0.c1023       *

* if [semanage] command does not exist, install it

[root@dlp ~]#

dnf -y install policycoreutils-python-utils

For the example above (RHEL/AlmaLinux Default), [root] is mapped to [unconfined_u]. Other common users are mapped to [__default__] once and finally mapped to [unconfined_u].

[unconfined_u] users are assigned [unconfined_t] Role, and Processes which are started by [unconfined_u] users are run as [unconfined_t] Domain.

Processes that [unconfined_t] Domain are assigned are not controled by SELinux.

[root@dlp ~]#

ps axZ | grep unconfined_t

unconfined_u:unconfined_r:unconfined_t:s0-s0:c0.c1023 1204 ? Ss   0:00 /usr/lib/systemd/systemd --user
unconfined_u:unconfined_r:unconfined_t:s0-s0:c0.c1023 1213 ttyS0 Ss   0:00 -bash
unconfined_u:unconfined_r:unconfined_t:s0-s0:c0.c1023 1249 ttyS0 R+   0:00 ps axZ
unconfined_u:unconfined_r:unconfined_t:s0-s0:c0.c1023 1250 ttyS0 S+   0:00 grep --color=auto unconfined_t

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