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MariaDB 11.8 : SSL/TLS の設定2025/11/24

 

MariaDB で SSL/TLS による暗号化通信の設定を有効にします。

[1]

事前に SSL/TLS 証明書を取得 または 自己署名の証明書を作成しておきます。
当例では自己署名の証明書で進めます。

[2] 作成した証明書をコピーして SSL/TLS の設定をします。
# 証明書をコピー

www:~ #
mkdir /var/lib/mysql/pki

www:~ #
cp /etc/ssl/private/{server.crt,server.key} /var/lib/mysql/pki/

www:~ #
chown -R mysql:mysql /var/lib/mysql/pki

www:~ #
restorecon -R /var/lib/mysql/pki
www:~ #
vi /etc/my.cnf
# 61行目 : 追記

ssl-cert=/var/lib/mysql/pki/server.crt
ssl-key=/var/lib/mysql/pki/server.key
www:~ #
systemctl restart mariadb
# 設定確認

www:~ #
mariadb

Welcome to the MariaDB monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MariaDB connection id is 3
Server version: 11.8.3-MariaDB MariaDB package

Copyright (c) 2000, 2018, Oracle, MariaDB Corporation Ab and others.

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

# 以下のように表示されれば OK
MariaDB [(none)]> show variables like '%ssl%'; 
+---------------------+-------------------------------+
| Variable_name       | Value                         |
+---------------------+-------------------------------+
| have_openssl        | YES                           |
| have_ssl            | YES                           |
| ssl_ca              |                               |
| ssl_capath          |                               |
| ssl_cert            | /var/lib/mysql/pki/server.crt |
| ssl_cipher          |                               |
| ssl_crl             |                               |
| ssl_crlpath         |                               |
| ssl_key             | /var/lib/mysql/pki/server.key |
| version_ssl_library | OpenSSL 3.5.0 8 Apr 2025      |
+---------------------+-------------------------------+
10 rows in set (0.001 sec)
[3] 以上で [mariadb] コマンドに暗黙的に [--ssl] オプションが付加され SSL/TLS で接続できます。
www:~ #
mariadb

Welcome to the MariaDB monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MariaDB connection id is 4
Server version: 11.8.3-MariaDB MariaDB package

Copyright (c) 2000, 2018, Oracle, MariaDB Corporation Ab and others.

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

# 接続状況確認
MariaDB [(none)]> show status like 'ssl_cipher'; 
+---------------+------------------------+
| Variable_name | Value                  |
+---------------+------------------------+
| Ssl_cipher    | TLS_AES_256_GCM_SHA384 |
+---------------+------------------------+
1 row in set (0.000 sec)

MariaDB [(none)]> exit 
Bye

# 非暗号化通信の場合

www:~ #
mariadb --skip-ssl

Welcome to the MariaDB monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MariaDB connection id is 5
Server version: 11.8.3-MariaDB MariaDB package

Copyright (c) 2000, 2018, Oracle, MariaDB Corporation Ab and others.

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

# 値はブランク
MariaDB [(none)]> show status like 'ssl_cipher'; 
+---------------+-------+
| Variable_name | Value |
+---------------+-------+
| Ssl_cipher    |       |
+---------------+-------+
1 row in set (0.000 sec)
[4] ユーザーに対して SSL/TLS アクセスを必須にする場合は、以下のように設定します。
www:~ #
mariadb

Welcome to the MariaDB monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MariaDB connection id is 6
Server version: 11.8.3-MariaDB MariaDB package

Copyright (c) 2000, 2018, Oracle, MariaDB Corporation Ab and others.

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

# SSL/TLS 必須ユーザーを新規作成
MariaDB [(none)]> create user leap identified by 'password' require ssl; 
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

# SSL/TLS 必須ユーザーは ssl_type が ANY
MariaDB [(none)]> select user,host,ssl_type from mysql.user; 
+-------------+---------------+----------+
| User        | Host          | ssl_type |
+-------------+---------------+----------+
| mariadb.sys | localhost     |          |
| root        | localhost     |          |
| mysql       | localhost     |          |
| PUBLIC      |               |          |
|             | localhost     |          |
|             | www.srv.world |          |
| suse        | %             |          |
| sles        | %             |          |
| leap        | %             | ANY      |
+-------------+---------------+----------+
9 rows in set (0.001 sec)

# 既存ユーザーを SSL/TLS 必須にする
MariaDB [(none)]> grant usage on *.* to 'sles'@'%' require ssl; 
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

MariaDB [(none)]> select user,host,ssl_type from mysql.user; 
+-------------+---------------+----------+
| User        | Host          | ssl_type |
+-------------+---------------+----------+
| mariadb.sys | localhost     |          |
| root        | localhost     |          |
| mysql       | localhost     |          |
| PUBLIC      |               |          |
|             | localhost     |          |
|             | www.srv.world |          |
| suse        | %             |          |
| sles        | %             | ANY      |
| leap        | %             | ANY      |
+-------------+---------------+----------+
9 rows in set (0.001 sec)
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