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MariaDB : バックアップ2025/11/17
 

MariaDB のデータベースを バックアップ/リストア する際は付属のツールで実行可能です。

[1] バックアップツールは通常 MariaDB Server と同時にインストールされますが、もしをインストールされていない場合は以下のようにしてインストールします。
[root@www ~]#
dnf -y install mariadb-backup
[2] バックアップを実行します。
例として、[/home/mariadb_backup] ディレクトリ配下にバックアップを取得します。
[root@www ~]#
mkdir /home/mariadb_backup

[root@www ~]#
mariabackup --backup --target-dir /home/mariadb_backup -u root 


.....
.....
[00] 2025-11-17 09:32:32 Executing FLUSH NO_WRITE_TO_BINLOG ENGINE LOGS...
[00] 2025-11-17 09:32:32 BACKUP STAGE END
[00] 2025-11-17 09:32:32 Executing BACKUP STAGE END
[00] 2025-11-17 09:32:32 All tables unlocked
[00] 2025-11-17 09:32:32 Backup created in directory '/home/mariadb_backup/'
[00] 2025-11-17 09:32:32 Writing backup-my.cnf
[00] 2025-11-17 09:32:32         ...done
[00] 2025-11-17 09:32:32 Writing xtrabackup_info
[00] 2025-11-17 09:32:32         ...done
[00] 2025-11-17 09:32:32 Redo log (from LSN 49855 to 49871) was copied.
[00] 2025-11-17 09:32:32 completed OK!
[root@www ~]#
ll /home/mariadb_backup 

total 12744
-rw-r-----. 1 root root   417792 Nov 17 09:32 aria_log.00000001
-rw-r-----. 1 root root       52 Nov 17 09:32 aria_log_control
-rw-r-----. 1 root root      505 Nov 17 09:32 backup-my.cnf
-rw-r-----. 1 root root 12582912 Nov 17 09:32 ibdata1
-rw-r-----. 1 root root    12304 Nov 17 09:32 ib_logfile0
drwx------. 2 root root     4096 Nov 17 09:32 mysql
drwx------. 2 root root       20 Nov 17 09:32 performance_schema
drwx------. 2 root root     8192 Nov 17 09:32 sys
drwx------. 2 root root       64 Nov 17 09:32 test_database
-rw-r-----. 1 root root       97 Nov 17 09:32 xtrabackup_checkpoints
-rw-r-----. 1 root root      435 Nov 17 09:32 xtrabackup_info
[3] バックアップしたデータを、他ホスト上の MariaDB サーバーへリストアします。
事前にバックアップしたデータを [tar] でまとめるなり [rsync] でそのまま転送する等して、バックアップデータをリストア先サーバーに転送しておいてください。
# MariaDB を停止して既存データは削除

[root@node01 ~]#
systemctl stop mariadb

[root@node01 ~]#
rm -rf /var/lib/mysql/*
# 転送したバックアップデータ

[root@node01 ~]#
ll mariadb_backup.tar.gz

-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 691885 Nov 17 09:35 mariadb_backup.tar.gz
[root@node01 ~]#
tar zxvf mariadb_backup.tar.gz

# リストア事前タスク実行 ([completed OK] であれば OK)

[root@node01 ~]#
mariabackup --prepare --target-dir /root/mariadb_backup 

mariabackup based on MariaDB server 10.11.13-MariaDB Linux (x86_64)
[00] 2025-11-17 09:36:11 cd to /root/mariadb_backup/
[00] 2025-11-17 09:36:11 open files limit requested 0, set to 1024
[00] 2025-11-17 09:36:11 Loading encryption plugin from provider_bzip2=provider_bzip2;provider_lz4=provider_lz4;provider_lzma=provider_lzma;provider_lzo=provider_lzo;provider_snappy=provider_snappy
[00] 2025-11-17 09:36:11 Loading encryption plugin
[00] 2025-11-17 09:36:11         Encryption plugin parameter :  '--plugin_load=provider_bzip2=provider_bzip2;provider_lz4=provider_lz4;provider_lzma=provider_lzma;provider_lzo=provider_lzo;provider_snappy=provider_snappy'
[00] 2025-11-17 09:36:11         Encryption plugin parameter :  '--innodb_encrypt_tables=OFF'
[00] 2025-11-17 09:36:11         Encryption plugin parameter :  '--prepare'
[00] 2025-11-17 09:36:11         Encryption plugin parameter :  '--target-dir'
[00] 2025-11-17 09:36:11         Encryption plugin parameter :  '/root/mariadb_backup'
[00] 2025-11-17 09:36:11 This target seems to be not prepared yet.
[00] 2025-11-17 09:36:11 mariabackup: using the following InnoDB configuration for recovery:
[00] 2025-11-17 09:36:11 innodb_data_home_dir = .
[00] 2025-11-17 09:36:11 innodb_data_file_path = ibdata1:12M:autoextend
[00] 2025-11-17 09:36:11 innodb_log_group_home_dir = .
[00] 2025-11-17 09:36:11 InnoDB: Using Linux native AIO
[00] 2025-11-17 09:36:11 Starting InnoDB instance for recovery.
[00] 2025-11-17 09:36:11 mariabackup: Using 100663296 bytes for buffer pool (set by --use-memory parameter)
2025-11-17  9:36:11 0 [Note] InnoDB: Compressed tables use zlib 1.3.1.zlib-ng
2025-11-17  9:36:11 0 [Note] InnoDB: Number of transaction pools: 1
2025-11-17  9:36:11 0 [Note] InnoDB: Using AVX512 instructions
2025-11-17  9:36:11 0 [Note] InnoDB: Using Linux native AIO
2025-11-17  9:36:11 0 [Note] InnoDB: innodb_buffer_pool_size_max=96m, innodb_buffer_pool_size=96m
2025-11-17  9:36:11 0 [Note] InnoDB: Completed initialization of buffer pool
2025-11-17  9:36:11 0 [Note] InnoDB: Memory-mapped log (block size=512 bytes)
2025-11-17  9:36:11 0 [Note] InnoDB: End of log at LSN=49871
2025-11-17  9:36:11 0 [Note] InnoDB: Buffered log writes (block size=512 bytes)
[00] 2025-11-17 09:36:11 Last binlog file , position 0
recovered pages: 0% 10% 25% 43% 54% 73% 100% (0.0 seconds); tables to flush: 1 0
 (0.0 seconds);
[00] 2025-11-17 09:36:11 completed OK!
# リストア実行

[root@node01 ~]#
mariabackup --copy-back --target-dir /root/mariadb_backup 


.....
.....
[01] 2025-11-17 09:36:44 Copying ./sys/x@0024waits_by_host_by_latency.frm to /var/lib/mysql/sys/x@0024waits_by_host_by_latency.frm
[01] 2025-11-17 09:36:44         ...done
[01] 2025-11-17 09:36:44 Copying ./sys/x@0024waits_global_by_latency.frm to /var/lib/mysql/sys/x@0024waits_global_by_latency.frm
[01] 2025-11-17 09:36:44         ...done
[01] 2025-11-17 09:36:44 Copying ./sys/x@0024session.frm to /var/lib/mysql/sys/x@0024session.frm
[01] 2025-11-17 09:36:44         ...done
[01] 2025-11-17 09:36:44 Copying ./sys/session_ssl_status.frm to /var/lib/mysql/sys/session_ssl_status.frm
[01] 2025-11-17 09:36:44         ...done
[01] 2025-11-17 09:36:44 Copying ./performance_schema/db.opt to /var/lib/mysql/performance_schema/db.opt
[01] 2025-11-17 09:36:44         ...done
[01] 2025-11-17 09:36:44 Copying ./xtrabackup_info to /var/lib/mysql/xtrabackup_info
[01] 2025-11-17 09:36:44         ...done
[01] 2025-11-17 09:36:44 Copying ./xtrabackup_binlog_pos_innodb to /var/lib/mysql/xtrabackup_binlog_pos_innodb
[01] 2025-11-17 09:36:44         ...done
[00] 2025-11-17 09:36:44 completed OK!
[root@node01 ~]#
chown -R mysql:mysql /var/lib/mysql

[root@node01 ~]#
systemctl start mariadb

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