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Lynis : セキュリティ監査2023/07/13

 
セキュリティ監査ツール Lynis のインストールと設定です。
[1] Lynis をインストールします。
root@dlp:~#
apt -y install lynis
[2] Lynis の主な利用方法です。
# 初回実行時は以下のように指定してシステムをスキャン

root@dlp:~#
lynis audit system


[ Lynis 3.0.8 ]

################################################################################
  Lynis comes with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY. This is free software, and you are
  welcome to redistribute it under the terms of the GNU General Public License.
  See the LICENSE file for details about using this software.

  2007-2021, CISOfy - https://cisofy.com/lynis/
  Enterprise support available (compliance, plugins, interface and tools)
################################################################################


[+] Initializing program
------------------------------------
  - Detecting OS...                                           [ DONE ]
  - Checking profiles...                                      [ DONE ]

  ---------------------------------------------------
  Program version:           3.0.8
  Operating system:          Linux
  Operating system name:     Debian
  Operating system version:  12
  Kernel version:            6.1.0
  Hardware platform:         x86_64
  Hostname:                  dlp
  ---------------------------------------------------
  Profiles:                  /etc/lynis/default.prf
  Log file:                  /var/log/lynis.log
  Report file:               /var/log/lynis-report.dat
  Report version:            1.0
  Plugin directory:          /etc/lynis/plugins
  ---------------------------------------------------
  Auditor:                   [Not Specified]
  Language:                  en
  Test category:             all
  Test group:                all
  ---------------------------------------------------
  - Program update status...                                  [ NO UPDATE ]

[+] System tools
------------------------------------
  - Scanning available tools...
  - Checking system binaries...

[+] Plugins (phase 1)
------------------------------------
 Note: plugins have more extensive tests and may take several minutes to complete

  - Plugin: debian
    [
[+] Debian Tests
------------------------------------
  - Checking for system binaries that are required by Debian Tests...
    - Checking /bin...                                        [ FOUND ]
    - Checking /sbin...                                       [ FOUND ]
    - Checking /usr/bin...                                    [ FOUND ]
    - Checking /usr/sbin...                                   [ FOUND ]
    - Checking /usr/local/bin...                              [ FOUND ]
    - Checking /usr/local/sbin...                             [ FOUND ]
  - Authentication:
    - PAM (Pluggable Authentication Modules):
      - libpam-tmpdir                                         [ Not Installed ]

.....
.....

================================================================================

  Lynis security scan details:

  Hardening index : 64 [############        ]
  Tests performed : 258
  Plugins enabled : 1

  Components:
  - Firewall               [V]
  - Malware scanner        [X]

  Scan mode:
  Normal [V]  Forensics [ ]  Integration [ ]  Pentest [ ]

  Lynis modules:
  - Compliance status      [?]
  - Security audit         [V]
  - Vulnerability scan     [V]

  Files:
  - Test and debug information      : /var/log/lynis.log
  - Report data                     : /var/log/lynis-report.dat

================================================================================

  Lynis 3.0.8

  Auditing, system hardening, and compliance for UNIX-based systems
  (Linux, macOS, BSD, and others)

  2007-2021, CISOfy - https://cisofy.com/lynis/
  Enterprise support available (compliance, plugins, interface and tools)

================================================================================

  [TIP]: Enhance Lynis audits by adding your settings to custom.prf (see /etc/lynis/default.prf for all settings)
[3] レポートはチェック結果の最後の方に示されている通り、[/var/log/lynis-report.dat[ に保存されています。
[warning] や [suggestion] で検索すると、推奨される対応が確認できますので、可能な限り対応しておいた方がよいでしょう。
root@dlp:~#
grep -E "^warning|^suggestion" /var/log/lynis-report.dat

suggestion[]=LYNIS|This release is more than 4 months old. Check the website or GitHub to see if there is an update available.|-|-|
suggestion[]=DEB-0280|Install libpam-tmpdir to set $TMP and $TMPDIR for PAM sessions|-|-|
suggestion[]=DEB-0810|Install apt-listbugs to display a list of critical bugs prior to each APT installation.|-|-|
suggestion[]=DEB-0831|Install needrestart, alternatively to debian-goodies, so that you can run needrestart after upgrades to determine which daemons are using old versions of libraries and need restarting.|-|-|
suggestion[]=DEB-0880|Install fail2ban to automatically ban hosts that commit multiple authentication errors.|-|-|
suggestion[]=BOOT-5122|Set a password on GRUB boot loader to prevent altering boot configuration (e.g. boot in single user mode without password)|-|-|
suggestion[]=BOOT-5264|Consider hardening system services|Run '/usr/bin/systemd-analyze security SERVICE' for each service|-|
suggestion[]=KRNL-5820|If not required, consider explicit disabling of core dump in /etc/security/limits.conf file|-|-|
suggestion[]=AUTH-9230|Configure password hashing rounds in /etc/login.defs|-|-|
suggestion[]=AUTH-9282|When possible set expire dates for all password protected accounts|-|-|
suggestion[]=AUTH-9286|Configure minimum password age in /etc/login.defs|-|-|
suggestion[]=AUTH-9286|Configure maximum password age in /etc/login.defs|-|-|
suggestion[]=AUTH-9328|Default umask in /etc/login.defs could be more strict like 027|-|-|
suggestion[]=FILE-6310|To decrease the impact of a full /home file system, place /home on a separate partition|-|-|
suggestion[]=FILE-6310|To decrease the impact of a full /tmp file system, place /tmp on a separate partition|-|-|
suggestion[]=FILE-6310|To decrease the impact of a full /var file system, place /var on a separate partition|-|-|
suggestion[]=USB-1000|Disable drivers like USB storage when not used, to prevent unauthorized storage or data theft|-|-|
suggestion[]=STRG-1846|Disable drivers like firewire storage when not used, to prevent unauthorized storage or data theft|-|-|
suggestion[]=PKGS-7370|Install debsums utility for the verification of packages with known good database.|-|-|
suggestion[]=PKGS-7394|Install package apt-show-versions for patch management purposes|-|-|
suggestion[]=PKGS-7420|Consider using a tool to automatically apply upgrades|-|-|
warning[]=NETW-2705|Couldn't find 2 responsive nameservers|-|-|
suggestion[]=NETW-2705|Check your resolv.conf file and fill in a backup nameserver if possible|-|-|
suggestion[]=NETW-3200|Determine if protocol 'dccp' is really needed on this system|-|-|
suggestion[]=NETW-3200|Determine if protocol 'sctp' is really needed on this system|-|-|
suggestion[]=NETW-3200|Determine if protocol 'rds' is really needed on this system|-|-|
suggestion[]=NETW-3200|Determine if protocol 'tipc' is really needed on this system|-|-|
warning[]=FIRE-4512|iptables module(s) loaded, but no rules active|-|-|
suggestion[]=SSH-7408|Consider hardening SSH configuration|AllowTcpForwarding (set YES to NO)|-|
suggestion[]=SSH-7408|Consider hardening SSH configuration|ClientAliveCountMax (set 3 to 2)|-|
suggestion[]=SSH-7408|Consider hardening SSH configuration|Compression (set YES to NO)|-|
suggestion[]=SSH-7408|Consider hardening SSH configuration|LogLevel (set INFO to VERBOSE)|-|
suggestion[]=SSH-7408|Consider hardening SSH configuration|MaxAuthTries (set 6 to 3)|-|
suggestion[]=SSH-7408|Consider hardening SSH configuration|MaxSessions (set 10 to 2)|-|
suggestion[]=SSH-7408|Consider hardening SSH configuration|Port (set 22 to )|-|
suggestion[]=SSH-7408|Consider hardening SSH configuration|TCPKeepAlive (set YES to NO)|-|
suggestion[]=SSH-7408|Consider hardening SSH configuration|X11Forwarding (set YES to NO)|-|
suggestion[]=SSH-7408|Consider hardening SSH configuration|AllowAgentForwarding (set YES to NO)|-|
suggestion[]=LOGG-2154|Enable logging to an external logging host for archiving purposes and additional protection|-|-|
suggestion[]=BANN-7126|Add a legal banner to /etc/issue, to warn unauthorized users|-|-|
suggestion[]=BANN-7130|Add legal banner to /etc/issue.net, to warn unauthorized users|-|-|
suggestion[]=ACCT-9622|Enable process accounting|-|-|
suggestion[]=ACCT-9626|Enable sysstat to collect accounting (no results)|-|-|
suggestion[]=ACCT-9630|Audit daemon is enabled with an empty ruleset. Disable the daemon or define rules|-|-|
suggestion[]=FINT-4402|Use SHA256 or SHA512 to create checksums in AIDE|-|-|
suggestion[]=TOOL-5002|Determine if automation tools are present for system management|-|-|
suggestion[]=FILE-7524|Consider restricting file permissions|See screen output or log file|text:Use chmod to change file permissions|
suggestion[]=KRNL-6000|One or more sysctl values differ from the scan profile and could be tweaked||Change sysctl value or disable test (skip-test=KRNL-6000:)|
suggestion[]=HRDN-7230|Harden the system by installing at least one malware scanner, to perform periodic file system scans|-|Install a tool like rkhunter, chkrootkit, OSSEC|
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