Get SSL Certificates (Let's Encrypt)2023/04/24 |
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Get SSL Certificates from Let's Encrypt who provides Free SSL Certificates.
Refer to the details for Let's Encrypt official site below.
⇒ https://letsencrypt.org/
The expiration date of a cert is 90 days.
However, Systemd Timer which checks and updates certificates is included in Certbot pckage and you don't need to update manually. |
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| [1] | Install Certbot Client which is the tool to get certificates from Let's Encrypt. |
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root@dlp:~# apt -y install certbot
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| [2] | Get certificates. It needs Web server like Apache httpd or Nginx must be runing on the server you work. If no Web server is running, skip this section and Refer to [3] section. Furthermore, it needs that it's possible to access from the Internet to your working server on port 80 because of verification from Let's Encrypt. |
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# for the option [--webroot], use a directory under the webroot on your server as a working temp
# -w [document root] -d [FQDN you'd like to get certs] # FQDN (Fully Qualified Domain Name) : Hostname.Domainname # if you'd like to get certs for more than 2 FQDNs, specify all like below
# ex : if get [srv.world] and [www.srv.world] # ⇒ [-d srv.world -d dlp.srv.world] certbot certonly --webroot -w /var/www/html -d dns.srv.world Saving debug log to /var/log/letsencrypt/letsencrypt.log Enter email address (used for urgent renewal and security notices) # for only initial using, register your email address and agree to terms of use # specify valid email address (Enter 'c' to cancel): root@mail.srv.world - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Please read the Terms of Service at https://letsencrypt.org/documents/LE-SA-v1.2-November-15-2017.pdf. You must agree in order to register with the ACME server. Do you agree? - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - # agree to the terms of use (Y)es/(N)o: A - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Would you be willing, once your first certificate is successfully issued, to share your email address with the Electronic Frontier Foundation, a founding partner of the Let's Encrypt project and the non-profit organization that develops Certbot? We'd like to send you email about our work encrypting the web, EFF news, campaigns, and ways to support digital freedom. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - (Y)es/(N)o: A Account registered. Requesting a certificate for dns.srv.world Successfully received certificate. Certificate is saved at: /etc/letsencrypt/live/dns.srv.world/fullchain.pem Key is saved at: /etc/letsencrypt/live/dns.srv.world/privkey.pem This certificate expires on 2023-07-25. These files will be updated when the certificate renews. Certbot has set up a scheduled task to automatically renew this certificate in the background. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - If you like Certbot, please consider supporting our work by: * Donating to ISRG / Let's Encrypt: https://letsencrypt.org/donate * Donating to EFF: https://eff.org/donate-le - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - # success if [Successfully received certificate] is shown # certs are created under the [/etc/letsencrypt/live/(FQDN)/] directory # cert.pem ⇒ SSL Server cert(includes public-key) # chain.pem ⇒ intermediate certificate # fullchain.pem ⇒ combined file cert.pem and chain.pem # privkey.pem ⇒ private-key file |
| [3] | If no Web Server is running on your working server, it's possbile to get certs with using Certbot's Web Server feature. Anyway, it needs that it's possible to access from the Internet to your working server on port 80 because of verification from Let's Encrypt. |
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# for the option [--standalone], use Certbot's Web Server feature
# -d [FQDN you'd like to get certs] # FQDN (Fully Qualified Domain Name) : Hostname.Domainname # if you'd like to get certs for more than 2 FQDNs, specify all like below
# ex : if get [srv.world] and [www.srv.world] ⇒ specify [-d srv.world -d www.srv.world] certbot certonly --standalone -d rx-9.srv.world Saving debug log to /var/log/letsencrypt/letsencrypt.log Requesting a certificate for rx-9.srv.world Successfully received certificate. Certificate is saved at: /etc/letsencrypt/live/rx-9.srv.world/fullchain.pem Key is saved at: /etc/letsencrypt/live/rx-9.srv.world/privkey.pem This certificate expires on 2023-07-25. These files will be updated when the certificate renews. Certbot has set up a scheduled task to automatically renew this certificate in the background. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - If you like Certbot, please consider supporting our work by: * Donating to ISRG / Let's Encrypt: https://letsencrypt.org/donate * Donating to EFF: https://eff.org/donate-le - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - |
| [4] | For Updating existing certs manually, use [renew] subcommand. To run [renew] subcommand, all certs which have less than 30 days expiration are updated. If you'd like to update certs which has more than 30 days expiration, add [--force-renew] option. However, [certbot] package has systemd timer, so it does not need to run it manually. |
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# systemd timer script is included in Certbot package root@dlp:~# systemctl status certbot.timer
* certbot.timer - Run certbot twice daily
Loaded: loaded (/lib/systemd/system/certbot.timer; enabled; preset: enable>
Active: active (waiting) since Mon 2023-04-24 05:16:05 UTC; 47s ago
Until: Mon 2023-04-24 05:16:05 UTC; 47s ago
Trigger: Mon 2023-04-24 21:39:07 UTC; 16h left
Triggers: * certbot.service
root@dlp:~# systemctl list-timers certbot.timer --no-pager NEXT LEFT LAST PASSED UNIT ACTIVATES Mon 2023-04-24 21:39:07 UTC 16h left - - certbot.timer certbot.service 1 timers listed. Pass --all to see loaded but inactive timers, too. # [renew] is run 2 times every day like follows by default root@dlp:~# systemctl cat certbot.timer # /lib/systemd/system/certbot.timer [Unit] Description=Run certbot twice daily [Timer] OnCalendar=*-*-* 00,12:00:00 RandomizedDelaySec=43200 Persistent=true [Install] WantedBy=timers.targetroot@dlp:~# systemctl cat certbot.service # /lib/systemd/system/certbot.service [Unit] Description=Certbot Documentation=file:///usr/share/doc/python-certbot-doc/html/index.html Documentation=https://certbot.eff.org/docs [Service] Type=oneshot ExecStart=/usr/bin/certbot -q renew PrivateTmp=true # for manual update, do like follows root@dlp:~# certbot renew |
| [5] | If you'd like to convert certificates to PKCS12 (PFX) format for Windows, do like follows. |
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root@dlp:~# openssl pkcs12 -export -in fullchain.pem -inkey privkey.pem -out dlp_for_iis.pfx
Enter Export Password: # set any export password
Verifying - Enter Export Password:
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