KVM : Management tools for VM2022/04/27 |
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Install useful tools for virtual machine management.
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| [1] | Install required packages. |
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root@dlp:~# apt -y install libguestfs-tools virt-top
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| [2] | Get official OS image and Create a Virtual Machine. ( If you'd like to create VM from OS installation, refer to here of [1] ) |
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# display available OS template root@dlp:~# virt-builder -l ..... ..... ubuntu-10.04 x86_64 Ubuntu 10.04 (Lucid) ubuntu-12.04 x86_64 Ubuntu 12.04 (Precise) ubuntu-14.04 x86_64 Ubuntu 14.04 (Trusty) ubuntu-16.04 x86_64 Ubuntu 16.04 (Xenial) ubuntu-18.04 x86_64 Ubuntu 18.04 (bionic) ubuntu-20.04 x86_64 Ubuntu 20.04 (focal) ..... ..... # create an image of CentOS Stream 9 root@dlp:~# virt-builder centosstream-9 --format qcow2 --size 10G -o /var/kvm/images/centosstream-9.qcow2 --root-password password:myrootpassword
[ 5.9] Downloading: http://builder.libguestfs.org/centosstream-9.xz
[ 142.3] Planning how to build this image
[ 142.3] Uncompressing
[ 147.3] Resizing (using virt-resize) to expand the disk to 10.0G
[ 185.2] Opening the new disk
[ 189.2] Setting a random seed
[ 189.2] Setting passwords
[ 190.5] Finishing off
Output file: /var/kvm/images/centosstream-9.qcow2
Output size: 10.0G
Output format: qcow2
Total usable space: 9.4G
Free space: 8.3G (88%)
# to configure VM with the image above, run virt-install
root@dlp:~# virt-install \
--name centosstream-9 \
--ram 4096 \
--disk path=/var/kvm/images/centosstream-9.qcow2 \
--vcpus 2 \
--os-variant centos-stream9 \
--network bridge=br0 \
--graphics none \
--noautoconsole \
--boot hd \
--noreboot \
--import
Starting install...
Creating domain...
Domain creation completed.
You can restart your domain by running:
virsh --connect qemu:///system start centosstream-9
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| [3] | [ls] a directory in a virtual machine. |
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root@dlp:~# virt-ls -l -d ubuntu2204 /root total 36 drwx------ 5 0 0 4096 Apr 27 06:14 . drwxr-xr-x 19 0 0 4096 Apr 27 04:51 .. -rw------- 1 0 0 120 Apr 27 06:14 .bash_history -rw-r--r-- 1 0 0 3106 Oct 15 2021 .bashrc drwx------ 2 0 0 4096 Apr 27 06:11 .cache -rw-r--r-- 1 0 0 161 Jul 9 2019 .profile drwx------ 2 0 0 4096 Apr 27 05:01 .ssh -rw------- 1 0 0 905 Apr 27 06:03 .viminfo drwx------ 4 0 0 4096 Apr 27 06:06 snap |
| [4] | [cat] a file in a virtual machine. |
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root@dlp:~# virt-cat -d ubuntu2204 /etc/passwd root:x:0:0:root:/root:/bin/bash daemon:x:1:1:daemon:/usr/sbin:/usr/sbin/nologin bin:x:2:2:bin:/bin:/usr/sbin/nologin sys:x:3:3:sys:/dev:/usr/sbin/nologin sync:x:4:65534:sync:/bin:/bin/sync games:x:5:60:games:/usr/games:/usr/sbin/nologin man:x:6:12:man:/var/cache/man:/usr/sbin/nologin ..... ..... |
| [5] | Edit a file in a virtual machine. |
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root@dlp:~# virt-edit -d ubuntu2204 /etc/fstab # /etc/fstab: static file system information. # # Use 'blkid' to print the universally unique identifier for a # device; this may be used with UUID= as a more robust way to name devices # that works even if disks are added and removed. See fstab(5). # # <file system> <mount point> <type> <options> <dump> <pass> # / was on /dev/ubuntu-vg/ubuntu-lv during curtin installation /dev/disk/by-id/dm-uuid-LVM-8w2V0osTIFFadiaQY9ApdYmVWdgeYnSNBbmIT3BMb6fUdMHO2NL33 sqNuok9ztajH / ext4 defaults 0 1 # /boot was on /dev/vda2 during curtin installation /dev/disk/by-uuid/904d6e39-6212-4600-8e94-303b8db302ed /boot ext4 defaults 0 1 |
| [6] | Display disk usage in a virtual machine. |
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root@dlp:~# virt-df -d ubuntu2204 Filesystem 1K-blocks Used Available Use% ubuntu2204:/dev/sda2 1790136 133440 1547436 8% ubuntu2204:/dev/ubuntu-vg/ubuntu-lv 10218772 6684024 2994076 66% |
| [7] | Mount disk image of a virtual machine. |
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root@dlp:~# guestmount -d ubuntu2204 -i /mnt root@dlp:~# ll /mnt total 96 drwxr-xr-x 19 root root 4096 Apr 27 04:51 ./ drwxr-xr-x 19 root root 4096 Apr 27 02:35 ../ lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 7 Apr 21 00:57 bin -> usr/bin/ drwxr-xr-x 4 root root 4096 Apr 27 06:13 boot/ drwxr-xr-x 4 root root 4096 Apr 21 01:01 dev/ drwxr-xr-x 145 root root 12288 Apr 27 06:13 etc/ drwxr-xr-x 3 root root 4096 Apr 27 05:01 home/ ..... ..... |
| [8] | Display the status of virtual machines. |
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root@dlp:~# virt-top
virt-top 06:42:30 - x86_64 8/8CPU 2593MHz 16002MB
1 domains, 0 active, 0 running, 0 sleeping, 0 paused, 1 inactive D:0 O:0 X:0
CPU: 0.0% Mem: 0 MB (0 MB by guests)
ID S RDRQ WRRQ RXBY TXBY %CPU %MEM TIME NAME
- (ubuntu2204)
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